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Diseases Under Investigation
  * Chagas' Disease
    [American Trypanosomiasis]
  * African Sleeping Sickness
    [African Trypanosomiasis]
  * Leishmaniasis
  * Malaria
Target Organisms
  * Trypanosoma cruzi
  * Trypanosoma brucei
  * Leishmania spp.
  * Plasmodium falciparum
  * (Plasmodium vivax)
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3-D STRUCTURES
Crystal Structures Solved by SGPP

Plasmodium falciparum

Pfal008434AAA_refmac13_2 Pfal008434AAA
Plasmodium falciparum ribose 5-phosphate isomerase
[ PDB-ID 2F8M ]
Pfal000304AAA Pfal000304AAA
Plasmodium falciparum (orotidine-5'-monophosphate decarboxylase) to 2.1Å resolution
Pfal004331AAA Pfal004331AAA
Plasmodium falciparum hypothetical protein
[ PDB-ID 1ZSO ]
Pfal007254AAA Pfal007254AAA
Plasmodium falciparum Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
(GAPDH) is a key glycolytic enzyme.
This target has been an exploratory target for drug design by the MMV (Medicines for Malaria Venture: http://www.mmv.org). Shown in CPK format are 4 copies of the NAD cofactor found in the 2.25 Angstrom homotetrameric crystal structure.
Pfal009167AAA_ribbonZn_1 Pfal009167AAA
D-Ribulose 5-Phosphate 3-Epimerase
Enzyme from the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (critical for the generation of NADPH)
[ PDB-ID 1TQX ]
Pfal008421AAA_topview Pfal008421AAA
Plasmodium falciparum Homolog Of Uridine Phosphorylase/Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase
[ PDB-ID 1SQ6 ]
Pfal009132AAA_dimer Pfal009132AAA
NAD-dependent Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehyrogenase from Plasmodium falciparum
[ PDB-ID 1YJ8 ]
Pfal007201AAA_2_white Pfal007201AAA
Plasmodium falciparum Thioredoxin
[ PDB-ID 1SYR ]
Pfal006645AAA_2_white Pfal006645AAA
Plasmodium falciparum nucleoside diphosphate kinase B
[ PDB-ID 1XIQ ]
Pfal004546AAA_hex_dihydroneopterin Pfal004546AAA
Plasmodium falciparum 6-pyruvoyl tetrahydrobiopterin synthase (PTPS)
[ PDB-ID 1Y13 ]
Pfal005984AAA_tetramer_white_1 Pfal005984AAA
Phosphoglycerate mutase
Metabolic enzyme; potential antimalarial drug target
[ PDB-ID 1XQ9 ]

Plasmodium knowlesi

Pkno008421AAA Pkno008421AAA
Plasmodium knowlesi Purine nucleoside phosphorylase - a homolog of Pfal008421AAA.

Plasmodium berghei

Pber005319AAA Pber005319AAA
Plasmodium berghei superoxide dismutase
[ PDB-ID 2A03 ]

Plasmodium vivax

Pv2324ribbonwhite Pviv002324AAA
Plasmodium vivax hypothetical protein
Homolog to proteins belonging to the Haloacid Dehydrogenase superfamily, subfamily IIB
[ PDB-ID 2B30 ]

Leishmania major

Lmaj006873AAA_shelxpro18 Lmaj006873AAA
Leishmania major hypothetical protein
[ PDB-ID 2B4W ]
Lmaj005461AAB_hex_view01_light_USF_phobic Lmaj005461AAB
[ PDB-ID 1YF9 ]
Lmaj011689AAA Lmaj011689AAA
The resolution is 2.3A
[ PDB-ID 1YQF ]
Pfal008024AAA_tetra_topview Lmaj008024AAA
Leishmania major Homology of low-speceficity Threonine Aldolase
[ PDB-ID 1SVV ]
Lmaj01134AAC_top Lmaj01134AAC
This N-terminally truncated protein is a Leishmania major (Friedlin) homolog of the "programmed cell death 6" protein
[ PDB-ID 1Y1X ]
Lmaj001686AAA Lmaj001686AAA
Putative mitochondrial associated ribonuclease (90% sequence identity to Leishmania tarentolae MAR1) high structural homology to N-carbamoylsarcosine amidohydrolase (15% sequence identity) including active site Cys
[ PDB-ID 1XN4 ]
Lmaj002144AAA Lmaj002144AAA
Leishmania major hypothetical protein
[ PDB-ID 1R75 ]
Lmaj004091AAA_ribbon_white Lmaj004091AAA
SAM dependent Methyltransferase (similar to ubiquinone MT)
[ PDB-ID 1XTP ]
Lmaj004144AAA_ribbonwhite Lmaj004144AAA
Leishmania major, probable kinase (? nuclear adenylate kinase)
[ PDB-ID 1Y63 ]
Lmaj005534AAA_ribbon2 Lmaj005534AAA
Eukaryotic D-Amino Acid tRNA Deacylase
[ PDB-ID 1TC5 ]
Lmaj006238AAA_dimer Lmaj006238AAA
Eukaryotic initiation factor 2B
[ PDB-ID 2A0U ]
Lmaj006828AAA_dimer Lmaj006828AAA
Identified by structural homology to be oxygen dependent coproporphyrinogen oxidase (CPO) an essential enzyme in the heme biosynthetic pathway
[ PDB-ID 1VJU ]

Leishmania donovani

Ldon001686AAA Ldon001686AAA
Putative mitochondrial associated ribonuclease (90% sequence identity to L. tarentolae MAR1) high structural homology to N-carbamoylsarcosine amidohydrolase (15% sequence identity) including active site Cys
[ PDB-ID 1X9G ]

Leishmania mexicana

Lmex003024AAA (22K) Lmex003024AAA
Eukaryotic initiation factor 5A from Leishmania mexicana
[ PDB-ID 1XTD ]

Leishmania braziliensis

Lbra003024AAA Lbra003024AAA
Eukaryotic initiation factor 5A from Leishmania braziliensis
[ PDB-ID 1X6O ]

Trypanosoma brucei

Tbru015978_tetramer Tbru015978AAA
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase from Trypanosoma brucei
[ PDB-ID 2B4G ]
Tbru015777AAA_sideview_hsc Tbru015777AAA
[ PDB-ID 2A0K ]

Trypanosoma cruzi

Tcru010945AAA Tcru010945AAA
Arginase superfamily protein from Trypanosoma cruzi.
[ PDB-ID 2A0M ]
Tcru003547AAA+gift Tcru003547AAA
Native structure
Tcru003547 ribbon diagram showing bound sulfate and large unknown ligand courtesy of E coli (mFo-Fc density at 4 and 7 sigma)
[ PDB-ID 1YZV ]
Tcru013382AAA_native Tcru013382AAA
Native structure
Cyclophilin (Cyclosporin-A binding protein) Potential drug target PDB 1XQ7 Cyclophilin complexed with known anti-Leishmanial agent Cyclosporin
[ PDB-ID 1XO7 ]
Tcru0013382AAA_cyclo Tcru0013382AAA
Bound to cyclosporin
[ PDB-ID 1XQ7 ]

Super folder

DBsf00001AYE DBsf000001AYE
Engineered protein designed to mimic fold of 1AYE
[ PDB-ID 1VJQ ]

Additional Pathogenic Protozoan Structures Solved by SGPP Members

Plasmodium falciparum

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate Aldolase
Crystal structure of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase from the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.
PDB-ID 1A5C ]
Kim, H., Certa, U., Dobeli, H., Jakob, P., Hol, W. G. Biochemistry 1998 37:4388
Medline ]
Peptide Deformylase
Crystals of Peptide Deformylase from Plasmodium falciparum Reveal Critical Characteristics of the Active Site for Drug Design.
PDB-ID 1JYM ]
Abhinav Kumar, Kiet T. Nguyen, Sumant Srivathsan, Brad Ornstein, Stewart Turley, Irwin Hirsh, Dehua Pei and Wim G. J. Hol Structure 2002 357-367
Article ]

Leishmania mexicana

Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase
Crystal structure of glycosomal glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Leishmania mexicana: implications for structure-based drug design and a new position for the inorganic phosphate binding site.
PDB-ID 1GYP ]
Kim, H., Feil, I. K., Verlinde, C. L., Petra, P. H., Hol, W. G. Biochemistry 1995 34:14975
Medline ]
Glycerol-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase
A Potential Target Enzyme for Trypanocidal Drugs Revealed by the Crystal Structure of Nad-Dependent Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase from Leishmania Mexicana.
PDB-ID 1EVY ]
Suresh, S., Turley, S., Opperdoes, F. R., Michels, P. A. M., Hol, W. G. J. Structure 2000 8:541
Medline ]
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate Aldolase
Structures of Type 2 Peroxisomal Targeting Signals in Two Trypansomatid Aldolases.
PDB-ID 1EPX ]
Chudzik, D. M., Michels, P. A., De Walque, S., Hol, W. G. J. J.Mol.Biol. 2000 300:697
Medline ]

Trypanosoma brucei

Triosephosphate Isomerase
Structure Determination of the Glycosomal Triosphosphate Isomerase from Trypanosoma brucei at 2.4 Angstrom Resolution.
PDB-ID 5TIM ]
Rik K. Wierenga, Kor H. Kalk and Wim G. J. Hol Journal of Molecular Biology 1987 198:109-121
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase
Structure of glycosomal glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Trypanosoma brucei determined from Laue data.
PDB-ID 1GGA ]
Vellieux, F. M., Hajdu, J., Verlinde, C. L., Groendijk, H., Read, R. J., Greenhough, T. J., Campbell, J. W., Kalk, K. H., Littlechild, J. A., Watson, H. C., , et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993 90:2355
Medline ]
Phosphoglycerate Kinase
A bisubstrate analog induces unexpected conformational changes in phosphoglycerate kinase from Trypanosoma brucei.
PDB-ID 16PK ]
Bernstein, B. E., Williams, D. M., Bressi, J. C., Kuhn, P., Gelb, M. H., Blackburn, G. M., Hol, W. G. J Mol Biol 1998 279:1137
Medline ]
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate Aldolase
Structures of Type 2 Peroxisomal Targeting Signals in Two Trypansomatid Aldolases.
PDB-ID 1F2J ]
Chudzik, D. M., Michels, P. A., De Walque, S., Hol, W. G. J. J.Mol.Biol. 2000 300:697
Medline ]
Peroxin 5 Fragment
An Unexpected Extended Conformation for the Third Tpr Motif of the Peroxin Pex5 from Trypanosoma Brucei.
PDB-ID 1HXI ] Kumar, A., Roach, C., Hirsh, I. S., Turley, S., Dewalque, S., Michels, P. A. M., Hol, W. G. J. J.Mol.Biol. 2001 307:271
Medline ]